Can the wedding guests mourn
as long as the bridegroom is with them?
The disciples of John approached Jesus and asked him why his own disciples seemed to be less committed than those of John and the Pharisees. Those groups seemed rigorous in discipline, whereas by comparison Jesus and his followers must have seemed like lax, as though they were living a never ending party. Even Jesus himself had somehow acquired a reputation as a "glutton and a drunkard" (see Matthew 11:19). This was, after all, the same Jesus who supplied abundant wine to the wedding feast at Cana when they ran out after three days of festivities (see John 2:1-12).
The disciples of John were only thinking on the basis of comparison of themselves with others, with the only criterion being who could do the most. If some fasting was sometimes good, then wasn't more indicative of a greater spiritual seriousness? But such an approach was too inflexible. It neglected the appropriate response to the presence of the divine bridegroom, which was primarily supposed to be a response of joy and of celebration. And although they didn't realize they were doing it, ignoring the presence of the bridegroom, acting on their own impulses when they were in fact present at a wedding feast, was a response evinced a lack of gratitude. It was a little like those people in the parable who were invited to a wedding feast and yet made excuses in order to continue to pursue their normal affairs (see Matthew 22:1-14).
The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them,
and then they will fast.
It was not that the disciples of Jesus were never to fast. But it was rather by the measure of his presence that they learned when and why fasting would one day be appropriate. Jesus did not come in the first place to impose spiritual disciplines. Rather, he offered a relationship with himself that was to the the basis on the life of his disciples. They were not to go off and fast as much as they could. But neither were to eschew fasting entirely. Rather, they were to fast only after they were transformed by the joy of his presence. That was, as it were, the baseline of spiritual joy which they could then learn to prefer to physical food and drink. Without this reality as an anchor the individual teachings of the new law could do more harm than good. They could not simply be patched onto one's old life or poured into at as though they were simply more of what he already possessed. Living the new law of the Gospel required grace that one only received from coming to know Jesus as bridegroom and Lord. It was because his presence was so good and so worth seeking that his disciples would eventually fast. The new wine of the Gospel was then poured into the fresh wineskins, individuals who were new creations in Christ.
We can't merely add the disciplines and duties of the Christian life over the top of a life that is still fundamentally egocentric, one that is all about us, and expect good results. But when we have known the joy of the Lord, and realize that the preliminary stage of the wedding banquet has begun, we begin to understand how and why we ought to save room for the final course when the bridegroom returns. We don't want to be so sated on the things of earth that we lose taste for the better feast that awaits us. And we do this knowing deeply in our souls how much that feast will be, for even here and know we have a foretaste of it. This is why Church commands us to fast before receiving holy communion. It is not an epic achievement when we do so by any means. But it is practice in living out the logic of waiting for the bridegroom and setting our hearts on him in which we learn how well he rewards those who seek him.
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