"Teacher, which commandment in the law is the greatest?"
This test was not so much a trap in the sense that there were no obvious expectations for how he would answer incorrectly. It wasn't a setup where it seemed he could say nothing without upsetting someone or other. Instead it was more of an opportunity for him to make a statement about his basic message. If his basic message turned out to be wildly unorthodox then of course this would make everyone aware of that. If he was really focused on a minor rule or an obscure text people would see how that was not consistent with their religion as they understood it. In fact, if he brought forth something entirely novel that would be a sign in itself that he was not in continuity with what he come before in salvation history. And if there was nothing new about him, why all the fuss? But Jesus was like a master of a house "who brings out of his treasure what is new and what is old" (see Matthew 13:52). He did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it, to bring forth the fullness of meaning that it always contained, but which was heretofore hidden by sin-darkened human minds.
You shall love the Lord, your God,
with all your heart,
with all your soul,
and with all your mind.
The first commandment, also summarized in the Shema prayer, was the obviously correct answer. It was not particularly surprising in itself. The Pharisees certainly might have easily agreed. But the way the Pharisees lived out the first and greatest commandment was often in stark opposition to love of neighbor. The way they obeyed seemed to suggest that that commandment was not at all like our related to love of neighbor. They often seemed to use love of God as an excuse to shirk on what would otherwise be their duty toward those around them. But this kind of division within the law was never what God intended. All of the commandments issued from the same divine heart which was itself undivided. Thus any insinuation that the commandments contradicted was actually an insult to God's heart, as though he himself had competing priorities.
The second is like it:
You shall love your neighbor as yourself.
Jesus understood the mind of God, since he was himself the word that fully expressed it. He knew that love of God would not be complete without including love for those who were made in the image of God. More to it, one could not actually do anything that was a benefit to God. He was already entirely self-sufficient and perfectly happy from all eternity. He had no need for creation. Rather, he made creation out of love. In order to express our own love and gratitude for such a gift we are meant to share his heart, his desire to see his creation blessed and thriving. This does not exclude or diminish the more religious and God-focused aspects of the law, since his creatures can in fact only thrive when they love God with all their heart, soul, and mind. Love for self and love for neighbor means that we want to be ordered toward the one in whom alone we find lasting joy. So it is really not a separate thing to love neighbor and to love God. They are different aspects of a single expression or activity, of which God remains the center. This was how Paul loved the Thessalonians, and why he was so happy to see them discovering God's purpose for them.
And you became imitators of us and of the Lord,
receiving the word in great affliction, with joy from the Holy Spirit,
so that you became a model for all the believers
in Macedonia and in Achaia.
This test was not so much a trap in the sense that there were no obvious expectations for how he would answer incorrectly. It wasn't a setup where it seemed he could say nothing without upsetting someone or other. Instead it was more of an opportunity for him to make a statement about his basic message. If his basic message turned out to be wildly unorthodox then of course this would make everyone aware of that. If he was really focused on a minor rule or an obscure text people would see how that was not consistent with their religion as they understood it. In fact, if he brought forth something entirely novel that would be a sign in itself that he was not in continuity with what he come before in salvation history. And if there was nothing new about him, why all the fuss? But Jesus was like a master of a house "who brings out of his treasure what is new and what is old" (see Matthew 13:52). He did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it, to bring forth the fullness of meaning that it always contained, but which was heretofore hidden by sin-darkened human minds.
You shall love the Lord, your God,
with all your heart,
with all your soul,
and with all your mind.
The first commandment, also summarized in the Shema prayer, was the obviously correct answer. It was not particularly surprising in itself. The Pharisees certainly might have easily agreed. But the way the Pharisees lived out the first and greatest commandment was often in stark opposition to love of neighbor. The way they obeyed seemed to suggest that that commandment was not at all like our related to love of neighbor. They often seemed to use love of God as an excuse to shirk on what would otherwise be their duty toward those around them. But this kind of division within the law was never what God intended. All of the commandments issued from the same divine heart which was itself undivided. Thus any insinuation that the commandments contradicted was actually an insult to God's heart, as though he himself had competing priorities.
The second is like it:
You shall love your neighbor as yourself.
Jesus understood the mind of God, since he was himself the word that fully expressed it. He knew that love of God would not be complete without including love for those who were made in the image of God. More to it, one could not actually do anything that was a benefit to God. He was already entirely self-sufficient and perfectly happy from all eternity. He had no need for creation. Rather, he made creation out of love. In order to express our own love and gratitude for such a gift we are meant to share his heart, his desire to see his creation blessed and thriving. This does not exclude or diminish the more religious and God-focused aspects of the law, since his creatures can in fact only thrive when they love God with all their heart, soul, and mind. Love for self and love for neighbor means that we want to be ordered toward the one in whom alone we find lasting joy. So it is really not a separate thing to love neighbor and to love God. They are different aspects of a single expression or activity, of which God remains the center. This was how Paul loved the Thessalonians, and why he was so happy to see them discovering God's purpose for them.
And you became imitators of us and of the Lord,
receiving the word in great affliction, with joy from the Holy Spirit,
so that you became a model for all the believers
in Macedonia and in Achaia.

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